Anti-Discrimination Law in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Anti-Discrimination Law in the UK - Essay ExampleWhat has the provisions of this Act involve to organizations? In the performance of its functions, a firm must pay special cognizance to three aspects covered by or under the Act (Rivers, 2012) 1. invalidate and eliminate any conduct that has the effect of constituting harassment, victimization, disparity or any other prohibited conduct 2. Culture equation for every persons who share the saved characteristics and those who do not with regard to opportunities 3. Encourage proper relations amongst individuals with the relevant protected characteristics and also those who do not Section 71 of the Act regards discrimination against sex in relation to pay. Section 77 refers to discrimination through the discussions over terms of pay. Section 78 provides regulations on gender pay feast (www.legislation.gov.uk, 2010).These sections have gone some way to strengthening the statutory enforcement of equal pay between men and women inwardly p ublic entities. However, governments loser to enact one of these three critical provisions may ultimately hamper the effectiveness of the Act. In analysing the aforementioned sectional provisions and assessing their potential equal in combatting discrimination with regard to employment, it is imperative to understand first what variables are prevalent in laws on societal equality (Rivers, 2012).The mystery that is equality rests deep down the (misconception in) Western political tradition that views equality as a fundamental and universal moral characteristic of human beings of equal dignity and worth (Dworkin, 2002). It stretches beyond the Aristotelian definition of a purely formal existence, which postulates that likes be treated similarly, and differences proportionately. Most importantly is the acknowledgement of the uniqueness of human beings. Therefore, equality would intimate that throng be valued both in their uniqueness and similarities. Firstly, we address the object variable which answers the question, what exactly is subject to the equality principle? This is easily answerable at a highly abstract level. All humans being equal in rights and dignity deserve equal respect and concern. However, in practice this presents a fairly complex ideal covering not only civil and political rights but a myriad of welfare, opportunity and resources. John Rawls identified within his justice theory two principles of equality in which the justification of differences was only valid should they benefit the least well-off and related to positions held under fair opportunities. These were equality of liberty and that of fundamental (basic) social goods. Secondly, the characteristic variable, which defines who the recipient(s) of the principle are and why they merit such special treatment. Article 14 of the European Convention of kind rights states that all rights should be enjoyed by all regardless of distinction. Initially and subsequent to this proclamation, th ere was much resistance towards identifying specific benchmarks that merit special attention. Presently, practical concerns aimed at addressing ingrained bias and social exclusion have developed into a rallying cry for equality as a human right-born out of obliging Rights movements (Rivers, 2012).

The Five Minds of a Manager Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Five Minds of a Manager - Article ExampleOne of the main focuses of the discussion in the clause is based on the five managerial mindsets. Everything an effective manager does is sandwiched between action on the ground and reflection on the abstract. These two mindsets must be combined to in order for reflective thinking to meet practical doing. The five modules of the mindset program discussed in the article be managing-self, managing organizations, managing circumstance, managing relationships, and managing change. The first managerial mindset is managing self or the reflective mindset. These days managers need to desperately stop and think and to step back and reflect on their experiences. This type of card and thinking process can help managers gather ideas. Most people go through their lives undergoing a series of happenings which pass through their systems undigested. Happenings become experiences when they are digested and reflected upon. Synthesizing these ideas can le ad to creative business solutions. Managers must reflect upon the actions of the company to ensure they are acting in a correct and socially liable manner. Managers must tang at this from the perspective of other stakeholder groups such as customers. Reflective managers are able to see behind in order to look ahead. Managers must pay attention to detail and to history. The problems made by the company in the past should not be repeated. The second mindset is managing organizations or the analytic mindset. Analysis breaks down complex phenomena into components or parts. Good analysis provides a language for organizing and it provides measure for performance. The key for analyzing effectively is to get beyond the conventional approaches in order to appreciate how analysis works and what effect it has on the organization. The use of analysis can enhance the problem solving abilities of the company. The third mindset is managing context or the worldly mindset. Managers have to look b eyond their cubicles and appreciate the world around them in order to better serve the needs of the customers.

How Does Managed Care Affect Health Care Organizations Relationship Essay

How Does Managed Care Affect Health Care Organizations Relationship With Buyers, Sellers, Their Community In General, And the Government - stress ExampleThis essay declares that managed commission plans are government departd health plans based on insurance. They engage in contracts with health care providers or professionals and medical institutions to provide a contracted service to the community. They are the main elements in the network of health care service provision under the federal and state governments system. The managed care plan has a system of rules to determine the amount of insurance money that each enrollee in the plan is entitled. When the service has been rendered by the physician as per agreement, he sends the bill to the insurance company which in turn has the right either to accept it on its face value or to ask for a rewrite bill. This is where the medical billing and coding companies come to play a role. Next health advocacy groups, i.e. groups of concerne d citizens, play a pivotal role by advocating not only the least costly health care but also timely access to it.This paper makes a conclusion that the governments involvement is seen in the connection between the acceptance and appointment of these insurance companies into the national health care plan, Medicare and Medicaid. While these links are obviously clearer, the kind between the MHO and the patient is determined by the rules of the insurance plan. The former pays what the latter is entitled to under the plan, though there is no hard and steady rule to prevent a patient from seeking more expensive care outside the plan.

Time Management Essay Example for Free

Time Management EssayINTRODUCTION This chapter pass on begin with a de? nition of m counseling, and will whence discuss common clipping instruction problems, and invite you to identify your own issues. It then moves on to examine possible solutions and the guiding tenets of conviction management. To silicon chip your understanding there will be a number of scenarios and exercises to practise m management skills, fol junior-gradeed by a personal contract aimed at up(a) your own approach to time management. WHAT IS period MANAGEMENT? Time management involves making the best use of time, and break downting much d wholeness in the time avail equal to(p). It means non wasting time on irrelevant things, instead focusing on important take leaves of the job. Ultimately this means departing sedately and effectively, avoiding the panic and anxiety of the last-minute bucket along. In the western world, time is treated as a valuable resource which commonwealth shed. Most managers claim that they do non prevail enough time. Often this is blamed on the organisation and colleagues for making too m whatever demands. However, we in all have at least around supremacy e rattlingwhere how we spend our time. We cig atomic number 18tte and do make choices. Recognising this is the ? rst step on the path to effective time management. DEFINITION OF TIME MANAGEMENT.Time management means taking more control all over how we spend our time and making sensible decisions ab come in the delegacy we use it. 29 A loose specimen chapter from in-person strong point by Diana Winstanley. create by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD 2005 alone rights close no part of this excerpt whitethorn be re haved, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo write, recording, or otherwisewise without the precedent written authorization of the Publishers or a clear permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency.If you would identical to purchase this hold in please call www. cipd. co. uk/bookstore. Personal Effectiveness If grave time management is about taking control, it involves ? nding those beas where you do have control, and also ? nding those where you think you target dressedt, except really you do. For lawsuit you may have far too many things to do and this makes you feel helpless, but possibly you have the option of renegotiating some split of your sour, or rase delegating some activities.There may still be some aras where you fall apartt have control for example if a key part of the job is to be available at a real time to provide advice to others, you stoogenot proficient decide to be absent. Or you may have a course spurt assignment to submit some deadlines ar not renegotiable. In these areas it is more sensible not to waste time railing against these commitments instead concentrate on ? nding those areas you do hav e the power to change, and make the changes that will help you to become more effective. Exercises 2. 1 and 2. 2 should start to help you identify those problem areas and areas where you would like to make changes.PREPARATION FOR CHANGE Before reading further in this chapter it is helpful for you to have an idea of how effective you are as a time manager. Re? ecting on your own time bandits and traps will make this chapter more useful and relevant to you. Begin by brainstorming three barriers that you think keep backward you from being effective at work, or at study, as indicated in Exercise 2. 1. Now go on to Exercise 2. 2 and rate your durability using the list provided.This list has been developed by distilling some of the common problems that have been identi?ed by several hundred staff and students in workshops held over the last ? ve years at Imperial College. Further exercises and selfevaluation checks are provided on the website. The accuracy of this tool depends on you b eing honest with yourself, so make genuine you rate yourself according to how you actually behave, not how you would like to be. Once you have done Exercise 2. 2 you can return to Exercise 2. 1 and construe if the barriers you ? rst identi? ed relate to those issues you have rated 3 in Exercise 2. 2, and if necessary add to, or amend, your answers to Exercise 2. 1. EXERCISE 2.1 BARRIERS TO BEING EFFECTIVE What are the three main barriers you have that pr purget you being effective? 30 A rationalize judge chapter from Personal Effectiveness by Diana Winstanley. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD 2005 All rights reserved no part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written licence of the Publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency.If you would like to pu rchase this book please reprimand www. cipd. co. uk/bookstore. Time management EXERCISE 2. 2 PROBLEMS DIAGNOSING YOUR TIME MANAGEMENT Note assess your behaviour as it is not as you would like it to be Go through the list of time management problems downstairs and rate for each one one with relation to its frequency as a problem for you and also its severity using the undermentioned ratings 0 this problem does not relate to me 1 this problem partly relates to me, relates some of the time 2 this is a regular problem for me 3 this is a major problem for me, it ill hampers my effectiveness A.Prioritisation and scheduling 1. I am not confident(predicate) what delegates I have to do each day, I dont make a to-do list. 2. When I have ? nished one job I notwithstanding go on to the next without checking on my priorities. 3. I dont work out which t bespeaks have the biggest gain for me. 4. I have dif? culty in setting priorities. 5. I have dif? culty in keeping to priorities or a sch edule I have set. 6. I am a perfectionist and even if I have several tasks to do I allow myself to spend ages on one task to get it right, which can cause problems in completing my work. 7.I often do trivial tasks at my high-energy time of day. 8. I dont stop to think when my best time of day is for work. B. Persistence, procrastination and focus 9. I ? it from task to task, startle a lot of things but not ever ? nishing them. 10. I feel very intimidated by large important tasks, and dont break them down into smaller ones. 11. I put morose dif? cult tasks until the last possible moment. 12. I procrastinate, prevaricate and cant decide what to do, nor make decisions. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3.0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 31 A innocent(p) sample chapter from Personal Effectiveness by Diana Winstanley. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD 2005 All rights reserved no part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written leave of the Publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. If you would like to purchase this book please run into www.cipd. co. uk/bookstore.Personal Effectiveness 13. I put thing off until the last minute and then I have to work in a rush and panic. 14. I allow myself to be interrupted from my work, for example by the phone, talking to others, distractions, new e-mails coming in. 15. I spend ages on the telephone, sur? ng the net, or state e-mails. 16. Once I get started, I cannot stop a task, even if it is taking far too practically time and there are other pressing things to do. 17. I dont have any protected time in the day when I can get on with my priorities.C. office staff de? nition 18. I am not sure what my key objectives are. 19. I am unclear of my role de? nitions and l ines of responsibility. 20. Im not sure how long certain tasks take so ? nd it hard to allocate the appropriate time to them. 21. I try and do everything myself, and do not consider whether it would be snap off to delegate tasks, or ask for more help and support. D. Work purlieu and organisation 22. My workspace is a mess, I can never ? nd anything at work, and written document pile up around me without being ? led. 23.I dont know what to do with paper I just leave it hanging around. 24. I dont have anywhere where I can work uninterrupted. 25. My work environment is noisy and distracting, and I dont ? nd ship canal to deal with this. 26. If I ? nd myself with free time in the day, for example when commuting, waiting for an appointment, I dont have things with me to do. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 32 A free sample chapter from Personal Effectiveness by Diana Winstanley. Published by the CIP D.Copyright CIPD 2005 All rights reserved no part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. If you would like to purchase this book please visit www. cipd. co. uk/bookstore. Time management E. Study skills 27. I take ages to read anything, and ? nd it hard to remember what I have read. 28. Im not sure how to go about academic or work related reading.F. Assertiveness 29. I ? nd it very hard to say no to other populate. 30. I feel guilty if I am getting on with my own schedule and not focusing on helping others. 31. I spend most(prenominal) of my time doing things for other batch, and hardly any time getting on with my own agenda. G. Anxiety, stress and emotion 32. I annoying a lot and regula rly suffer from work related anxiety and stress. 33. I dont feel very con? dent so I often worry that Im not doing well or going about my work in the right way. 34. I never have fun at work, I dont enjoy my work. 35. I get very bored at work and this slows me down or allows me to get sidetracked.36. I ? nd it hard to concentrate. H. Life balance 37. I dont have time for exercise, health, leisure, family, I just work all the time. 38. I get very tired and exhausted at work. Scoring 038 Averaging 0s and 1s You are an excellent time manager 3976 Averaging 1s and 2s You have some areas to work on but overall you are an effective time manager 77114 Averaging 2s and 3s You have a big problem with time management and expect to take action now to get yourself more in control of your time (but dont worry that is what this chapter aims to do) 33 A free sample chapter from Personal Effectiveness by Diana Winstanley.Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD 2005 All rights reserved no part of th is excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. If you would like to purchase this book please visit www. cipd. co. uk/bookstore. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3.0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 Personal Effectiveness Below are some common examples of time management problems. EXAMPLE 2. 1 PROBLEMS EXAMPLES OF TIME MANAGEMENT Work -related I work on a project to implement IT in my organisation, but I report to two bosses, the head of the IT Department, and the Project Leader their demands of me are respective(a) and some times con? icting and very confusing, as a return I get in a mess. I work in an open-plan of? ce. I constantly get distracted by people talking on the phon e, chatting across desks, stopping to talk to me.I just cannot concentrate on my work, and I end up frittering my time on super? cial tasks whilst at work, and then working well into the night at office to catch up with the tougher parts of my work. I am a design engineer and each part of the work I do fillms to take at least three times longer than we estimate it will take, meaning that I spend a lot of time explaining why the work is late and reorganising schedules and activities. This impacts negatively on people further down the development process. I set myself priorities but because I also work as a support service for other people in the organisation, I get inundated by e-mails and requests from others. I spend all my time meeting other peoples demands and my priorities go out of the window Last year I spent ages developing a balanced s outcomecard system for the organisation to performance manage the managerial team, then a new director was appointed and he pulled the pl ug on months of work and asked me to set up a totally different scheme. It insurems like much of my work is a waste of time.Study -related I am engaged in a part-time professional development programme Into Leadership where I am attending day release modules, writing coursework assignments both individually and with a group, and am trying to juggle this in between a ill-tempered work schedule in my role in the Laboratories of a Government Department. I feel so panicked with all I have to do I end up feeling paralysed. I dont seem to be able to get going early enough on my distance learning course assignments and so I often end up staying up into the early time of days to get it in the following morning.The work is hasten and mediocre as a result, and I am then tired for days after. I have young children and I ? nd it impossible to get on with my studying at home. As a result I feel incompetent when it comes to discussing case studies in course discussion because I harbourt the faintest idea what they are about as I havent read them in advance. WHERE DOES ALL MY TIME GO? THE TIME BANDITS AND TRAPS A time bandit is a work practice, attitude or behaviour that leads to ineffective working practices or your time getting stolen or expropriated away from your core priorities and frittered on less important activities.34 A free sample chapter from Personal Effectiveness by Diana Winstanley. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD 2005 All rights reserved no part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. If you would like to purchase this book please visit www. cipd. co.uk/bookstore.Time management Epicurus and the pleasure principle Think about your own time management bandits and traps, do you see any patterns? One common pattern is to put the fun, exciting, interesting, easy things ? rst, and put off doing the boring, dull, dif? cult tasks until later. It is a kind of pleasure principle going for the short-term gains, surrendering to wants and desires as they arise immediately. Epicurus, the philosopher who is attributed with setting up the foundations for a pleasure principle, believed in following desires.However, he is often mistakenly thought to have been a slave to avarice and pleasure, indulging himself in whatever desire arose at a given moment. This is not actually true. Epicurus followed a simple life, one of healthy food, friendship and skillful company, freedom and thought, not an undisciplined response to every whim and fancy. In relation to your own work or study, following the Epicurian principle will lead you to doing things you enjoy instead of focusing on your priorities. It is a mistake to think that taking the easy route will cor rect things in the long run.In reality, giving in to the pleasure principle in the short term results in a mess later on, because over time what happens is the accumulation of a whole mountain of tasks that have been ignored. This can lead to misery, anxiety and depression. A lot of thought and planning went into Epicuruss way of life, and creating time for a balanced, enjoyable life takes planning and selfdiscipline. The last-minute rush and adrenaline junky Some people like to live fast and furiously, and so working in a calm systematic way can seem very boring.Waiting for a burst of energy, or the adrenaline rush that comes with the fear of a deadline looming can become a way of life, but does usually mean that when the job actually gets done, it is done in a soggy panicky way, leaving the person exhausted after late-night working and long hours in order to ? nish it on time. In the long run health can be affected, as the ? ght or ? ight impulse that triggers adrenaline is inten ded for moments of danger, not a lifetime of stress. Hamlet the procrastinator To be or not to be . . . should I start this paper or go and deal with those statistics, I dont know It isnt noble to play Hamlet unless you are Lawrence OlivierIf it cant be faced now, it might be worse later What is more, as well as getting nothing done, the agony is recurrent over and over again, and usually by tomorrow there is no change except the increased anxiety of another day gone by without completing the task. There are different reasons for procrastination and prevarication not having the energy (which is represented by the adrenaline junky above), not having a starting point or the right information (but will you have the information tomorrow?), or being indecisive over what exactly to get on and do.All that happens is that work piles up. Its all too much However, for some people, being busy is a way of life. They may ask themselves Where does all my time go? Why are there not enough ho urs in the day? Typically these people then fool themselves with the thought Well, this is just a busy period, once Ive got this assignment or deadline over then life will be easier and I can relax. This is ? ne if true, but often one deadline out of the way can just open someone up to a new 35 A free sample chapter from Personal Effectiveness by Diana Winstanley.Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD 2005 All rights reserved no part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. If you would like to purchase this book please visit www. cipd. co. uk/bookstore.Personal Effectiveness deadline, as they rush from one hectic task to the next. Sometimes this is self-generated they cant help but take on more and more and more. Another way they fool themselves is to say Im a no-limit person. I can keep on taking on more and more and more. No one is superman or superwoman, there are unless 1,440 minutes in a day, 1,000 when we deduct sleeping, washing, dressing, eating, and so on etc, etc. In our lives we probably spend six months waiting for red traf? c lights to change, two years weighing for things, 24 years asleep . . ..There is only so much time left, and time is not in? nitely elastic, we do have limits. After all, no one ever said on their deathbed I wish Id spent more time at the of? ce The headless chicken action without thought There may be other reasons for taking on too much work, being too busy or feeling driven. Some people may be working hard but without having clear priorities, and without planning. Spending much too much time on things that are not at all important. Giving the semblance of working hard but not working productively.The butter? y ? itting from task to t ask Helen arrives at work, puts her coat on the door peg, sits down and turns on the computer. She intends to spend the morning writing the proposal for the new performance appraisal system a very important part of her job. But ? rst she listens to her telephone messages and realises Gerald wants her to produce some ? gures for a meeting the following week. She accesses her computer to pull out the ? gures, and notices she has 21 e-mails, and begins trawling through these.The ? rst few she just looks at and leaves open to come back to later, the sixth one asks her to give some dates for a meeting and she opens her diary to look at dates, and sees that for one of the dates she has a presentation to give on that day. Oh she moldiness remember to take the ? les home for preparing the presentation so she can do it at the weekend. She gets up and opens her ? ling cabinet to retrieve them . . Oh dear, she is feeling rather giddy, .. . . she hasnt got anything done and she has been at wo rk an hour already . . .. Oh she feels so confused, she thinks . . . Id better go and get a coffee tree .. ..One result of not planning or sticking to priorities can be the butter? y. This is someone who ? its from task to task in a downward spiral of panic and anxiety, getting in a mess, never getting the boost and closure of completion. Many managers have to be butter? ies, for example Mintzberg (1973) and Kotter (1982) showed that managers spend ennead minutes or less on 50 per cent of their activities, are subject to constant interruptions and that management is a very fragmented activity. Good time management brings order to this fragmentation, rather than exacerbates it.Interruptions, interruptions There are two types of interruptions interruptions from others that distract us from our work, and self interruptions, ways in which we distract ourselves from our intended activities. What is your working environment like quiet and easy to concentrate in, or noisy and busy? Some people work in open-plan of? ce environments where they cannot help but get drawn into conversations with others. Think how you manage your interruptions, what happens if you are concentrating on something really important and somebody starts casually chatting to you as they pass your desk or door?36 A free sample chapter from Personal Effectiveness by Diana Winstanley. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD 2005 All rights reserved no part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. If you would like to purchase this book please visit www. cipd. co.uk/bookstore.Time management The proliferation of communication technologies has meant there are a myriad of ways in which we can be interrupted at any time of day. The ding of a new e-mail arriving in the computer, the ringing telephone, the mobile phone, just ensure you are available 24 hours a day 7 days a week. Take the telephone this is designed for people to contact you when it is convenient for them, not necessarily for you. Some people spend a long time on the phone, not getting to the point, getting sidetracked into idle talk.How long are your phone calls, could they be shorter? E-mail is also a tempter. In some roles people are receiving 50100 e-mails a day and if every time one arrives on the computer they stopped what they were doing to look at it, it would never be possible to concentrate. The escapologist IT and other escapes However, it isnt just the requirements of others that interrupt us we also interrupt ourselves. For example, maybe by not being able to resist sur? ng the Net for another couple of hours, just having a look at a couple more search paths for a holiday or outing.Some are self-interrupters, maybe ? nding it dif? cult to concentrate they just have to go off for another coffee or go and chat to someone else, because they cant quite get down to it. This can be even worse at home when you spot the washing or ironing or vacuuming out of the corner of your eye. It is amazing how you can suddenly feel the urge to do a snowflake of gardening or even jobs you normally hate like cleaning the cooker suddenly seem compelling when you are trying to get down to work on a challenging report. The doormat yes, yes, yes.One problem can be unassertiveness, or unwillingness to say no This may be because of low internal self-esteem, wanting to please others in order to feel nice, or even being too scared to say no. Ironically continuously saying yes may just mean a person is taken for granted, not necessarily respected and liked. In the end, they can cause more problems for other people, because they become ill or are too busy to do everything to which they have committed, which can be very irritating for others. Presenteeism Sam was always ? rst into the of? ce every day and last to leave in the evening.Everyone commented on how committed he was, what a hardworking member of staff. One day Sarah wondered what Sam was actually working on all day at the computer screen, she wandered up to his desk and looked over his shoulder, and found he was playing solitaire Being at a desk doesnt mean the same as working it is passing time instead of spending time. Sometimes the most effective people are those you dont see, maybe they ? nd somewhere quiet to work where they dont get interrupted.Effective people dont necessarily study to impress on others how hard they work their output is more important than the appearance of work. Some of? ce environments, however, encourage presenteeism focusing performance evaluation on time spent at the desk, clockwatching, rather than on the quality of work. Wasted spaces It has been calculated that people lose up to 20 per cent of their t ime waiting. All that time spent sitting on the train into work, or waiting for the printer to ? nish, or a lecture or meeting to start are wasted periods that could have been used to complete a small task, or even begin a bigger one.Do you sit and stare realising you dont have any work at hand for such 37 A free sample chapter from Personal Effectiveness by Diana Winstanley. Published by the CIPD. Copyright CIPD 2005 All rights reserved no part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency.If you would like to purchase this book please visit www. cipd. co. uk/bookstore. Personal Effectiveness occasions, or does it even carry on to you in the ? rst place to ? ll these spaces? Sometimes a commuter jou rney is the ideal space in which to plan the day, write out a schedule, or maybe even concentrate on reading an article or report. Finishing a small task, such as ? lling in a form, or even beginning a larger task can be slotted into these moments. Perfectionist The perfectionist pays attention to detail, agonises over every decision, every word in a report.They must get it right. But what is the point if it is too late, or they have ignored several other things is it all really necessary? Not all tasks have to be done to the same high standard writing a routine e-mail for example does it really matter if the grammar is correct? Paper mountains Some people allow a mountain of paper to pile up on their desk, around their ? oor a trail of paper that doesnt allow them to be able to ? nd anything they need.They can waste lots of time trying to ?nd things, and the paper mountain doesnt make for good of? ce sculpture, it festers and exudes stress and incompetence. Im in a meeting Consi der the costs of 10 people in a one-hour meeting at ? 50 per hour each plus all the overheads and opportunity costs, the time spent travelling, preparation is it worth it? Worse still are those meetings where people are unprepared, there is no agenda the chair allows the discussion on trivial items to go on for ages without coming to any decisions. Heather waschairing a students union General Purposes Committee meeting. The meeting discussed for an hour the subject of what colour the new minibus should be the Labour Society rep suggested red, the Conservative Group rep blue, the Liberal democrat member orange, and the chap from the super acid said they shouldnt have a minibus at all Eventually the meeting ran out of time and the main item on the agenda what to do about the student debt situation never got discussed Poorly run meetings are not only a waste of time, but also very demoralising. D-I-Y zealot.The D-I-Y enthusiast thinks they can do everything themselves, never givin g a thought to delegation or sharing the work with others. Moreover, when they get into trouble, they dont go and ask for help, they soldier on miserably, not getting anywhere except lost and desperate. If you have too much to do, or are stuck, do you look to see how the work can be allocated differently, do you call in for help or the support of others? Why oh why do D-I-Y? Refusing to ask for help may be due to lack of assertiveness, but it may also be arrogance the belief that no one can do it as well, so it is better done singlehanded.Other people will never learn the skills if they are not given a chance to start. Delegation is not just a downward action, it can also move upwards, for example where something really isnt a persons job maybe they need to put forward it back. THE CONSEQUENCES Poor time management is one of the greatest sources of managerial stress. It leads to feelings of incompetence and anxiety. The debilitating symptoms and consequences of stress 38 A free sa mple chapter from Personal Effectiveness by Diana Winstanley. Published by the CIPD.Copyright CIPD 2005 All rights reserved no part of this excerpt may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. If you would like to purchase this book please visit www. cipd. co. uk/bookstore. Time management are discussed more fully in Chapter 9. It also leads to crisis management where someone responds to whoever is pushing hardest or shouting the loudest.The working environment is likely to be cluttered, with piles of written document on the desk which heaves with awful tasks represented by bits of paper and post-its that decompose or fall off onto the ? oor. It doesnt just inconvenience the person creating this batch it inconve niences others who have to wait for work that is late, or shoddy work that has been done in a rushed way, or invitations that havent been responded to. Poor time managers may also feel indispensable so they cant take a holiday or a break, because no one can manage without them. Given the choice it is unlikely you would decide to work in this way.But you are always given the choice, and the trick is to take back control and make choices that will make you better time managers. But why dont you do that already? It is because poor time management is a habit. ARISTOTLE AND THE HABIT OF THE GOOD LIFE It is quite likely that in identifying your own time bandits, you already had an idea what they were. You may even have a good idea of what you should be doing differently. This chapter is not about knowing what to do, it is about putting thought into action, and this requires behavioural change which is a bit trickier to effect. Aristotle talked about the habit of the good life.The good lif e is not an abstract idea, it is a habit that is nurtured and acted upon over a period of time. Time management is a habit. It is likely you are wonted(a) to your habits, may even be comfortable with the way you do things, and they wont be easy to change, because that requires effort and persistence. Therefore it wont be enough if this chapter merely identi? es for you what you should be doing differently. You have to break a habit, create a habit, and persevere to maintain it. Below are some good habits, but for them to work and guarantee you more time, you will need to put them into practice.When we start something new, it is easier to take one step at a time, building up competence and new habits gradually. The personal contract at the end of this chapter will enable you to plan your behaviour change. Glance at this contract now, and you will see it requires you to identify three changes you intend to make, and to put the ? rst step into practice in the following week. As you re ad through the good habits think which one would be most relevant for you to start with, which will give you the biggest gain, and which relates most closely to the problems you identi?

Taylorism Is An Outmoded And Outdated Form Of Technical Control Essay Example for Free

Taylorism Is An Outmoded And Outdated Form Of Technical Control EssayPerfected by Henry Ford, Taylorism was developed in the early 20th Century and was a revolutionary outlook on scientific charge. Its aim was to make the treatplace a science, taking all control a way from the proletarian and placing total power in the hands of management. By observing workers behaviour and how long it was taking for assembly lines to be completed he believed he could say how much an average worker could produce under optimum conditions. Using this he devised a mode of expand a division of labour in time-and-motion studies and a wage system based on performance. At the time and throughout the last speed of light Taylorism was and has been the precisely way to manage, but is it now outdated and irrelevant. I hope to be able to provide some of the arguments for and against this viewpoint and give examples of Taylorism.First, what exactly is Taylorism? Simply Taylorism is the breaking down of the production process into simple, menial tasks to the extent that even the most unskil conduct worker can be efficient. He researched these methods knowing that management lacked the adeptship to maximise production and that workers were non efficient.Taylor spoke about rewarding good men i.e. good employees, with higher pay for completing tasks or running(a) harder. He called for scoring and ranking workers, thus posing the argument how can one comp are someone who is really good at a given task against someone who is good at another task? The two individuals may well be very good at what they do stock-still, it quite practically requires a mix of these talents to produce a quality product or service. Taylor also aimed to transfer the control of the work process away from the individual worker and instead hold the work performed in a way that is detailed by management who train the worker and share all the responsibilities.He apply pig-iron handlers during the America n-Spanish war to test his theories. He picked the four best workers and, in exchange for a higher wage, asked them to work under a managers orders. The manager had complete control, recount them when they could get under ones skin a break, when to pick up more iron, how much to lift etc. The experiment was a resounding success with one man Schmidt working at a constant 47.5 tonnes a day. This was used to show that Taylorism could work. However it could be argued that the experiment was fixed as it used workers who were mentally sluggish and therefore, by their nature, were more likely to follow orders than to think for themselves.Nevertheless Taylorism became the standard for businesses worldwide and this led to a clockwork world of tasks timed to the hundredth of a minute for similar factories, machines and the de-humanising of men and women. A man named Braverman argued in his book in the 70s that because of Taylor and Ford, more and more jobs became and are becoming deskilled and de-humanised and the thought processes are being taken everyplace by managers and programmed into machines (Braverman 1974). This raises a very important point about Taylorism it makes processes so precise and repetitive that humans are being turned into machines. In this state as machines, humans are very easy to control and so it could be argued that Taylorism, whilst being effective as a production method, is also intentional to control the workforce and thus highly skilled workers threaten labour control.Read moreScientific Management TaylorismSuch early 20th century thought is being practised not only in business, but in the schools as well where students, like workers, are be scored and ranked. Now we have moved to a system where this ranking and grading of students and schools is of such importance that they are no longer run by teachers, but managed by managers to mend efficiency. Whilst not being a strict example of Taylorism, it shows how Taylors ideas have changed the way people think in that people now assume anything and everything can be ranked. Whilst on the subject of culture changes that have been influenced by Taylor, it can be argued that Taylorism has led to gender differences. Women have been, at least they were, categorized into certain jobs chiefly clerical and secretarial. This may not be as true straight off with many high-powered businesswomen in the world but, especially in the 60s, this was true.Taylorism is scientific management but how scientific is it? In Websters book there is a case where a businessman complained about how slow his secretary worked and asked, How many times a minute should she be able to clean-cut and close a file drawer? The workers handbooks answer would be Exactly 25 times. Times for other open and close operations would be .04 minutes for opening and closing a folder, and .026 minutes for opening a standard centre desk drawer (Webster, J 1990). another(prenominal) example of the scientific nature of Taylorism can be seen in UPS, the parcel company. Management have said that workers should walk at 3ft per second, packages should be carried under the left over(p) arm and that drivers should step into the van with their right foot first whilst holding the keys in the middle finger of the right hand. These are two classic and unconcealed time-and-motion pigeonholing that leads to the de-humanizing of the worker.This pigeonholing can be classically seen in some of todays big business, especially in fast-food chains. McDonalds, the most classically discussed example, where there is absolutely no autonomy for the worker they have no option about what to do. Machines are set to cook quarter-pounders in 107 seconds and fries in 150 seconds. Guns exist that rig exactly the same amount of sauce in each burger and fill the drinks to the right level. All the worker has to do is put it together and place in a bag. Even the bagging process is Taylorised workers must place the goods in the bag in the correct order. Ritzer sees McDonalds as a paradigm of efficiency that has led to a consumer being able to go into any McDonalds in the world and expect the same service and the same product.This very tedious monotonous work has very little job satisfaction and so to keep the worker motivated McDonalds have used Taylors idea about incentives. McDonalds have a headliner system which rewards hard working individuals with stars. These stars are worn on the name badge to show the consumer that they are a noted worker. More importantly it develops a friendly rivalry within the store as workers compete to win stars. This leads to more full-bodied and efficient workers. Some workers can take this to natives however. A friend of mine started in McDonalds and almost straight away was working up to two hours overtime on closing shifts. He earned his stars very readily as well as employee of the month two months in a row and within 8 months was promoted to floor manager. This is, in my view, a slightly extreme case as he is naturally a hard worker but shows how hard work is rewarded in McDonalds. The efficiency of McDonalds and its ability to retain workers has do it a very successful multinational company.Leidner argues in his book that the drive for efficiency within McDonalds has led to inefficiency for the consumer as it turns them into involuntary unpaid labour because they have to queue for the food, clear their own rubbish away etc. For McDonalds to be as efficient as it is, it must offer a very restrict menu so that deliveries and production can be streamlined. This leads to a loss for the consumer who can only expect a very small choice from McDonalds. In the beginning this may have been a problem but now people go to McDonalds and expect a burger, fries and a drink which are the same every time.Despite these critiques of Taylorism there are authors who believe that Taylorism is as relevant today as it ever was. Taksa argues in her 1992 artic le that Taylor and his ideas are even so useful in resolving todays management issues especially as firms are larger these days. The limiting of verbal exchange due to written instructions means that the teaching mangers are also under as much control as the workers from the planning group (Taksa,1992). This is especially useful in the large firms of today where middle management can be very large and therefore they must be put under the same controls as the workers.Many firms however are extremely efficient and successful without adopting Taylorist methods. It can be argued that Taylorism is not suitable for every grammatical case of business. An example of this is Dixons, where I used to work, where if any type of technical control would greatly hinder the sales of goods and insurance. The salesperson must have the freedom to react to the customers situation and what they say. There would be no way of, for example, telling sales staff that this type of person must have this prod uct or that the sale must be complete in x minutes. It would be impossible to implement as, unlike McDonalds, every customer is different with different needs and without talking these needs cannot be ascertained to result in the sale of a product. Even shops are individual, while common theme run from shop to shop, where products are placed and how they are displayed is up to the mangers discretion and not controlled by main management.So to fill up Taylorism is a very restrictive practise which leads to the de-humanising of the worker and complete management control. However it is an extremely efficient and productive system. I would say that in certain business environments, like McDonalds, it is the only way to manage that would produce effective results. However nowadays individuals require job satisfaction out of their roles and to that end Taylorism is outdated as it allows no sort of autonomy and thus make working very dull. To that end I cannot conclude either way Tayloris m is very effective in the food sector where customers are indistinguishable from each other but would be highly unproductive once individuals needs must be catered for.BibliographyBraverman, H. Labour And Monopoly Capital The Degradation Of Work In The 20th Century, 1974. Monthly Review Press, NYLeidner, R steady Food, Fast Talk, 1993. University Of California PressRitzer, G The McDonaldisation Of Society, 1993. Pine Forge PressTaksa, L Scientific Management Technique Or Cultural Ideology?.Webster, J bit Automation, 1990. Harvester Wheatsheaf

Mr. Burger Essay Example for Free

Mr. Burger EssayMr. Burger is an international fast-food chain that first opened at Lake Michigan Drive by Peter and Maria Christopoulos, in 1967, between the capital of Canada and Kent counties. Since that time, Mr. Burger has evolved from a neighborhood teen hang-out into a thriving family-oriented ingest place. It has transitioned from serving hot dogs and burgers to offering a full menu of breakfast, lunch, dinner, and dessert. It launched its first branch in Pakistan, in late 1980s, near NIPA bridge.Since its launch in Pakistan, Mr. Burger has opened branches at Tariq Road, Boat Basin, Bahadurabad and North Nazimabad. over the years, customers welcome come to appreciate the good answer and delicious, quality foods offered by Mr. Burger. Situation Analysis.In the past few years, the boilersuit value of Mr. Burger has declined. From our own observation of 2 branches (Tariq Road Boat Basin), we found that the boilers suit state of the branches was below par. The tables and chairs were dirty. The chairs itself were quite uncomfortable. The w tout ensemblepaper from the walls was scrapped from places. Even the entrance doormat and door had flies and mosquitoes all over them, making the place look unhygienic. Over the past 5-6 years, there has been little or no promotion and this has led further in its decline.Also, the employees are to a fault pretty dull and less-friendly. Their appearance and focal point of interacting shows as if they are disinterested in working. Even the loyal customers do not prefer it to dine out, due to its poor performance. In the early 2000s, McDonalds and KFC had been launched in Pakistan, but customers by then, preferred Mr. Burger. In the past 5 years, the scenario is completely contrary. Competitors like KFC, McDonalds and Subway devour taken over Mr. Burgers market share. alone the other competitors engage in variety of promotional campaigns, and the frequency of promotion is also high.Every month or 2, we see im pertinently billboards of KFC and McDonalds, introducing some radical food items to their menu, or promoting a new deal. KFC and McDonalds have done well in their promotions, and every family prefers them when they go out to eat. Also, the food items of Mr. Burger are overpriced their Rs.110 holler out burger seems to be a matter of few bites.From a survey carried out, we found that Mr. Burger has the lowest brand awareness, usage and performance, in comparison to its main 3competitors. The overall environment of KFC and McDonalds is very entertaining, providing pleasure to kids, teenagers and adults. Thats the reason why families enjoy dining out there. Before PR Plan.* Mr. Burger had no credibility * Mr. Burger had no interaction on hearty media and no website * Very little share of its take market * Old theme JUICIEST BURGER During PR.* Consumer started interacting on facebook through rivalry * Participant and consumer started thinking as New Improved Mr. Burger * Students s tarted noticing through fun fact sheets and free comments * New theme Love it for Life * CSR pristine nutrient article After PR.* Mr. Burger considered as place for hygienic food and fun * Mr. Burger considered as socially responsible * Positive Word-of-Mouth * Brand new Mr. Burger * More credible, more fun, and more health concious (yeh chart thora contradict kar raha hai hamari observation se, so we can eliminate this chart.)LOVE IT FOR LIFEWe believe that Mr. Burger is a restaurant which has a potential to make some of the best memories for its customers. We believe that the people in Pakistan value life and value love to its maximum potential and all it is attainable if you are part of a family. Therefore, we have aimed to promote a family environment for MR. BURGER. Target audienceWe are targeting all audiences of ages 6 and above and of social class C+ and above. We are mostly targeting families that have children between the ages of 6-13 as we believe children of these age s are a key factor for promoting restaurant dining in Pakistan. These families would have a tendency to eat out at a place where they have a clean and friendly environment and can have fun together. These families would not be very picky when it comes to choosing a restaurant when eating out but we want to create an image that whenever they think of eating out, they think of Mr. Burger. PR Objectives* To re launch our brand by creating extended brand awareness. * Tobuild brand credibility by communicating our values and our products to our target audience. * To vitalize our brand by following a new brand ideology and choosing new paths of brand communication. PR Plan Considerations* The interiors of all the outlets have been redesigned to live on our new theme, LOVE IT FOR LIFE * A Website Facebook rogue have been established with sufficient members to initiate social and online campaigning. * A number of entries will be accepted for the Director of Fun argument * Terms and Con ditions have already been discussed with channels for the airing of MR.BURGER THE SERIES * Terms and conditions have been agreed with ROB of MAD TV airing on POGO channel for the endorsement of Mr. Burger PR TOOLS* Fun factsWe would be publishing an article which would contain 10 fun facts about burgers which our target audience would not be aware of. These facts would be such that they are universally accepted and cannot be challenged. This article would be published on all websites and publications which have a large number of target audiences which are children and family oriented people.* Free ComplimentsWith every meal, we would be giving our customers free compliment cards containing different phrases and sentences which we should our friendly service and care towards all of our customers. This would also help create a positive WOM for Mr. Burger amongst our customers.* Director of FunWe would be organizing an online competition targeted towards kids of ages 6-13. The objecti ve of this competition would be come with the most imaginative ways to have fun while eating fast food. The participants would have to upload videos and/or photographs on our Facebook page and the entry with the most number of likes would be declared the winner. The winner would be officially being titled as Mr. Burgers Director of Fun.* Pure FoodThis would be a CSR initiative by Mr. Burger to promote the importance of eating fresh and healthy food. This will be achieved by our redesigned packaging and messages data track on LCDs present in our outlets. This message will also be communicated through sponsoring seminars on healthy eating being conducted every six months.* Mr. Burger The seriesA kids mini TV show will be sponsored as part of a campaign to build a brand mascot for Mr. Burger. The concept of this would be simply be to show a superhero that is just like an average person but when someone is in a peril and needs to be saved, this individual eats a burger and becomes, M r. Burger the superhero.* Mr. Burger TimesA newsletter will be published on the website every month which would contain messages from our staff to our customers and our customers to our staff. It would also contain pictures of the good times that people would have experienced at any of the Mr. Burger outlets. This section would also contain a blog where people would be encouraged to mention anything and everything that is related to Mr. Burger.PR PLAN StructureLAUNCH* FUN FACTS* DIRECTOR OF FUN* MR. BURGER THE SERIESPOST LAUNCH* PURE nutriment* FREE COMPLIMENTS* MR. BURGER TIMES.

The Main Sources Of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Environmental Sciences Essay

The Main Sources Of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Environmental Sciences EssaySince the Industrial Revolution, human activities such as the burning of oil, coal and bluster, as strong as deforestation have greatly increase CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. Almost all CO2 emissions (about 96.5%) come from fossil fuels habit. The 3 types of fossil fuels that ar used the most be coal, natural gas and petroleum. When fossil fuels are combusted, the one C stored in them is emitted almost entirely as CO2.The three main sectors that use fossil fuels are Transportation Utilities (power, gas, oil etc) Industrial productionTransportationThe first new projections of future aircraft emissions in 10 years predict that carbon dioxide and other gases from air traffic will become a significant source of global warming as they double or triple by 2050. The most important source of CO2 emissions worldwide is tryd by the transportation of goods and people. The emissions caused by people traveling (by car, plane, train, etc) are examples of direct emissions since people can chose where they are going and by what method. The emissions caused by the transportation of goods are examples of indirect emissions since the consumer has no direct control of the distance between the factory and the store. Since the distance between the maker and the consumer is constantly growing, more than pressure is put on the transportation industry to bridge this gap and this ends up creating more indirect emissions. Whats worse is that 99% of the sinew used to transport people and goods all over the world comes from the combustion of fossil fuels.Industrial production Manufacturing and industrial processes all combine to produce heroic amounts of each type of greenhouse gas but specifically large amounts of CO2 because of two reasons. First, many manufacturing facilities directly use fossil fuels to create heat energy and steam needed at various stages of production. Second, their energy i ntensive activities use more electricity than any other sector so unless they are exploitation renewable sources the energy that they use is responsible for vast amounts of emissions. By industrial production we are mainly talking about manufacturing, construction, mining, and agriculture. Manufacturing is the largest of the 4 and can be broken down into 5 main categories paper, food, petroleum refineries, chemicals, and metal/mineral products. These categories account for the vast majority of the energy use and CO2 emissions by the sector.3, 4Land-use ChangeIt is estimated that man-made changes in republic-use have, until now, produced a cumulative global loss of carbon from the arrive. Widespread deforestation has been the main source of this loss, estimated to be responsible for approximately 90 percent of losses since the mid-ni uncluttereenth century. Losses primarily occur due to the relatively long-term carbon sinks of forests being replaced by agricultural land.The conve rsion of land from forested to agricultural land can have a wide range of negative effects as far as greenhouse gas emission is concerned. Soil disturbance and increased rates of decomposition in converted stains can both lead to emission of carbon to the atmosphere, with increased soil erosion and leaching of soil nutrients further reducing the potential for the area to act as a sink for carbon.RespirationRespiration, both on land and in the sea, is a key component of the global carbon cycle. On land, an estimated 60 Pg C (60 billion tones) is emitted to the atmosphere each year by autotrophic respiration.In the sea, autotrophic respiration is thought to account for about 58 Pg of the dissolved inorganic carbon in surface waters each year, with the share of heterotrophic respiration being 34 Pg C.Effects of increasing temperatures on pollution can be observed which 1. Higher temperatures due to carbon dioxide increased the chemical rate of ozone production in urban areas2. Incre ased water vapor due to carbon dioxide-induced higher temperatures boosted chemical ozone production even more in urban areas.Engineers have designed a simple, sustainable and natural carbon sequestration solution using algae. A team at Ohio University created a photo bioreactor that uses photosynthesis to grow algae, go bading carbon dioxide over large membranes, placed vertically to save space. The carbon dioxide produced by the algae is harvested by dissolving into the meet water. The algae can be harvested and made into biodiesel fuel and feed for animals. A reactor with 1.25 million square meters of algae screens could be up and betning by 2010.America is by far the largest contributor to global warming than any other country releasing a quarter of the worlds carbon dioxide the primary cause of global warming.Bayless, with a team at Ohio University, created a photo bioreactor that uses photosynthesis to grow algae just like a plant would take carbon dioxide up and, through the energy of the sun, convert that into oxygen.That passes the carbon dioxide over these membranes, Ben Stuart, an Ohio University environmental engineer, tells DBIS. These membranes are fabric just like your shirt. Its a woven material, and as the carbon dioxide pass by them, that carbon dioxide dissolves into the water.That carbon dioxide is broken down by the algae. Nitrogen and clean oxygen are released back into the atmosphere. But to capture the CO2 created from a power plant, algae would have to fill a building the size of Wal-Mart.The size of these things would be enormous, about an acre worth of land space. And so the flu gases would run through this huge building and the algae would be growing on the suspended vertical surfaces. Stuart says.But what makes it cost effective? The algae can be harvested and made into biodiesel fuel and feed for animals. Sea level resurrect densely settled coastal plains would become uninhabitable with just a small rise in sea level, which would result from melting of the ice caps Impacts on agriculture Global warming could have major effects on agricultural productivity Reduction of the ozone layer Warming would result in increase high cloud cover in winter, giving chemical reactions a platform in the atmosphere, which could result in depletion of the ozone layer Increased extreme weather A warmer climate could change the weather systems of the earth, meaning there would be more droughts and floods, and more frequent and stronger storms Spread of diseases Diseases would be able to spread to areas which were previously too cold for them to survive in Ecosystem change As with the diseases, the range of plants and animals would change, with the net effect of most organisms moving towards the North and South Poles